Local Loop Unbundling in Europe: Experience, Prospects and Policy Challenges

de Bijl, Paul and Peitz, Martin, "Local Loop Unbundling in Europe: Experience, Prospects and Policy Challenges" (February 2005). International University in Germany Working Paper No. 29/2005.

Abstract:

This paper discusses the development of local loop unbundling in telecommunications markets throughout the European Union. It elaborates on the regulatory framework in Europe and provides an overview on the recent experience in Europe. Different types of unbundling, allowing for different types of entry and services provided by entrants, are discussed. In addition, the paper explores the challenges for policy and regulation that arise because of unbundling and related, recent technological developments in the markets for fixed voice telephony and broadband Internet access, in particular the emergence of packet-switched telephony such as VoIP.

Facts on voip

• VoIP phones can integrate with other services available over the Internet, including video conversation, message or data file exchange in parallel with the conversation, audio conferencing, managing address books and passing information about whether others (e.g. friends or colleagues) are available online to interested parties.
• Keeping packet latency acceptable can also be a problem, due to network routing time (buffering, switching) and transmission distances (more relevant under satellite links).
• Voice over IP traffic might be deployed on any IP network, including ones lacking a connection to the rest of the Internet, for instance on a private building-wide LAN.

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